South Africa’s workplaces are battling a silent mental health crisis, and according to a recent study by Sapien Labs’ fourth annual Mental State of the World Report, South Africa has the worst mental wellbeing levels ranking 69 out of 71 countries, with little improvement post the Covid-19 pandemic.

Businesses have a critical role to play in easing the effects of mental health issues through Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), by investing in the wellbeing of their employees and offering support, says Gary Feldman, Executive Head of Healthcare Consulting for employee benefits firm NMG Benefits.

“Growing numbers of South Africans are feeling overwhelming stress, anxiety, burnout, and depression. This affects their relationships, quality of life, and productivity, to the point where they no longer can deliver on the most basic of requests. Even responding to an email can be an anxiety provoking task,” said Feldman.

The average person spends one-third of their life at work, so understanding employee wellness is crucial. It doesn’t just speak to the physical health of employees, but also their emotional and mental wellbeing, and even their financial and legal stability. Employees who are happy and healthy are more resilient and can better manage change.

South African employers who take a proactive and flexible approach to supporting their people are seeing real improvements in productivity. There is a clear correlation between having an effective Employee Assistance Program and absenteeism management program in place, and improved productivity.

Research suggests workplace initiatives designed to promote good mental health among employees can provide companies with a measurable return on their investment. According to the World Health Organisation, companies can see a $4 return on every $1 they put towards treating common mental health concerns.

Some of the ways in which EAPs can help companies manage their employees mental wellness include:

Counselling: Confidential counselling services help employees address personal and work-related issues that are affecting their mental and emotional health. These services are typically offered by external licensed mental health professionals, who keep all information confidential.

Stress Management: EAP programs often provide stress management resources to help employees manage stress and promote overall wellness. These services may include workshops, stress management tools, counselling specifically around stress management and online resources.

Financial and legal support: Financial struggles are one of the biggest sources of stress in the workplace. EAPs can help employees access legal and financial advice to manage their financial and legal wellbeing, both in their personal life and at work. This includes advice on estate planning, debt counselling, and even assisting with divorce proceedings.

Workplace support: A healthy work environment promotes mental wellbeing. Workplace support can include providing training and resources to managers to identify and address potential issues in the workplace. EAPs can also support employee wellbeing through flexible working arrangements, employee wellness programs and peer support programs.

Cultivate empathy: Cultivating an environment focused on empathy is key to harnessing the power of productivity. Organisational success relies on a compassionate and inclusive culture.

“EAPs play a critical role in addressing workplace mental health issues by providing support to employees and reducing the stigma around mental health. Employers who invest in their employees in this way can maintain overall wellbeing in the workplace. This increases productivity, job satisfaction, employee engagement and overall performance,” said Feldman.

The signing of the National Health Insurance (NHI) Bill in South Africa marks a significant shift in the country's healthcare landscape, with notable implications for companies and employers. The NHI aims to provide universal health coverage, ensuring that all South Africans have access to healthcare services regardless of their socio-economic status. 

Legal and administrative challenges

The NHI is expected to face several legal and administrative hurdles that could delay its full implementation. Potential constitutional challenges and disputes over the specifics of the law and its rollout are anticipated. These legal battles could prolong the transition period, making it even more critical for companies to keep existing employee benefits intact to protect against gaps in coverage and ensure continuous healthcare provision for their workforce.

Complexity and scale

Implementing a universal healthcare system in a country as large and diverse as South Africa involves overcoming numerous logistical and operational challenges. Integrating various health information systems, ensuring all stakeholders are on board, and adequately informing the public about the changes are significant tasks. The complexity and scale of this undertaking means that the NHI’s full implementation will likely take years, further emphasising the need for businesses to maintain current benefits and prepare for a drawn-out transition.

Advising against cancelling employee benefits

Maintaining current benefits during the NHI rollout is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, until the NHI is fully operational, private medical aid schemes will continue to function as they currently do. Employers and employees should maintain these benefits to ensure continued access to quality healthcare services. Secondly, even after the NHI is fully implemented, there may be gaps in coverage. Private medical schemes will still play a role in covering services not included in the NHI package, making it essential for comprehensive healthcare coverage.

The uncertain timeline for the NHI’s full implementation adds another layer of complexity. Given the potential legal delays and the phased rollout approach, maintaining current benefits ensures that employees are protected. This stability is crucial for employee wellbeing and productivity.

Impact on private medical schemes

The introduction of the NHI will redefine the role of private medical schemes. Once fully implemented, private medical schemes will be restricted to covering services not included in the NHI, shifting from being the primary source of healthcare funding to providing complementary coverage. This change is expected to reduce the customer base for private insurers, potentially impacting their revenue and business models.

However, private medical aids will remain relevant by offering coverage for specialised services and higher-tier healthcare options that may not be available through the NHI. This niche role could still attract a segment of the population seeking additional coverage, ensuring that private medical aids continue to play a vital role in the healthcare landscape.

Implications for companies

The transition to the NHI will require companies to make several administrative adjustments. Employers will need to update payroll systems to accommodate mandatory contributions to the NHI, which could increase administrative costs. Additionally, businesses will need to reassess their employee benefits packages to determine which benefits are still necessary and valuable under the new system.

Financial impact on companies

One of the primary concerns for companies is the financial impact of funding the NHI. The NHI will be financed through general taxation, contributions from individuals earning above a certain threshold, and mandatory monthly contributions from employees, which will be deducted from salaries similarly to the Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF)​​. This means that companies will need to adjust payroll systems to accommodate these new deductions and may face increased administrative costs.

Impact on employee benefits

For employers, especially those who offer private medical scheme cover as part of their employee benefits, there will be significant changes. Currently, medical schemes operate independently, but once the NHI is fully implemented, these schemes will be limited to covering only those services not included in the NHI package. This transition will require employers to reassess their benefits packages and possibly renegotiate terms with private health insurers to align with the new healthcare framework.

Compliance and administrative burden

Companies will also need to navigate the complexities of compliance with the new law. This involves understanding which employees are affected, ensuring proper deductions are made, and keeping abreast of any updates or changes to the implementation timeline and coverage specifics. The gradual rollout and potential legal challenges suggest that there will be ongoing adjustments required over the coming years​.

Impact on healthcare costs

The NHI aims to address the disparities between the public and private healthcare sectors by reimagining resource allocation and ensuring more equitable access to healthcare services​​. For companies, this could mean a shift in how healthcare costs are managed. While the intention is to make healthcare more affordable and efficient, the actual impact on costs will depend on the effectiveness of the NHI's implementation and the resolution of any funding challenges.

Potential benefits and challenges

From a broader perspective, the NHI could lead to a healthier workforce, which in turn could enhance productivity and reduce absenteeism due to health-related issues. However, the uncertainty surrounding the NHI's full implementation, the potential for legal disputes, and the lack of a detailed funding plan pose significant challenges​​.

Strategic considerations for companies

Companies should begin by conducting impact assessments to understand how the NHI will affect their operations and employee benefits. Engaging with legal and financial advisors to navigate the new requirements and staying informed about legislative updates will be crucial. Additionally, companies might need to invest in employee education programmes to help their workforce understand the changes and the benefits of the NHI.

While the NHI represents a significant step towards universal healthcare in South Africa, its impact on companies will be multifaceted, involving financial, administrative, and strategic considerations. Employers will need to prepare for these changes proactively to ensure a smooth transition and to leverage any potential benefits that a healthier, more equitable healthcare system might bring.

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Retirement is meant to be a time of rest after years of hard work, but one of the most significant expenses retirees face is healthcare. The rising cost of healthcare can derail retirement plans, especially in the event of a major health issue requiring ongoing treatment. Just SA’s survey revealed alarming statistics:

• 57% of respondents plan to rely on their children and grandchildren
• 42% expect support from siblings or other family members
• 27% plan to depend on the government
• 14% hope to rely on friends
• 10% don’t have a plan
• Only 9% believe their retirement funds will be sufficient

These figures suggest that many South Africans have not accounted for healthcare costs in their retirement planning. These statistics prove without a doubt that not only are the majority of South Africans leaving retirement planning until it is too late – if they even plan at all – the rising cost of healthcare is not included in their considerations.

Fact: Healthcare costs rise with age and are often underestimated

Many people don’t realise that medical aids don’t always cover assistive devices and other necessary aids. Statistics SA estimates that:

• 38% of South Africans over 60 use chronic medication
• 20% use assistive devices like spectacles
• 10% wear hearing aids
• 5% use wheelchairs

Fact: Healthcare inflation outpaces general inflation

Healthcare costs tend to rise faster than general inflation, putting additional financial strain on retirees. Without proactive planning, these rising costs can quickly erode retirement savings, making it challenging to maintain a comfortable and healthy lifestyle in retirement.

Plan ahead with SmartAid

To address the critical need for healthcare planning in retirement, try the NMG SmartAid calculator, which helps you save for your medical aid contributions after you retire.

Alternatively, enquire about SmartAid, which allows a member or employee to invest in a retirement annuity separately from their pension or provident fund for an enhanced quality of life in retirement. It includes an assessment of each member’s circumstances to determine if they are on track to meet their specific needs, along with an annual personalised statement reflecting their status.

Plan for your healthcare costs today

Your healthcare costs in retirement depend on three main factors: your health status, your medical scheme plan option, and when you start saving. Taking control of these factors now can significantly impact your future financial security:

• Health status: your current health and family medical history can indicate future medical costs. Leading a healthy lifestyle now can help mitigate these costs later
• Medical scheme plan option: regularly review and adjust your plan to ensure it suits your needs and allows you to save for retirement healthcare costs

When you start saving: the earlier you start, the less you need to save monthly. Tax-efficient saving options like tax-free savings accounts or retirement annuity funds can boost your retirement savings.

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On 15 May 2024, President Cyril Ramaphosa signed the National Health Insurance (NHI) Bill into law. 

NMG supports the goal of expanding universal healthcare for all South African citizens. The National Health Insurance Bill in its current format is probably not achievable and will face many legal challenges. The risk of lengthy court battles is real, this will inadvertently prolong the uncertainty and affect the timely implementation of essential healthcare reforms. 

No impact on medical schemes for the near future 

The implementation of the NHI will be a lengthy process. The private healthcare system will carry on operating in its current format until the NHI is fully implemented. As per section 33 of the Bill, only once the Bill is fully implemented will medical schemes and other healthcare insurance providers be able to offer supplementary cover, which could take 10 to 15 years. 

The way forward

Our advice during this time is clear: maintaining your medical scheme or medical insurance product is crucial. Cancelling could leave you, or your employees, vulnerable without cover, relying solely on state facilities or having to self-fund medical expenses. Public and NHI facilities will require time to deliver services at levels that members may be accustomed to. Upholding these funding mechanisms is wise given the potential for future changes – so if you’re undecided as to whether to join a Medical Aid or medical insurance plan, our advice is to do so. There’s no downside, and you’ll at least have good funding for your healthcare needs in the meantime.

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In recent years, South African medical schemes have witnessed a significant evolution in their approach towards incorporating DNA-associated benefits into their offerings. This transformation is propelled by advancements in genetic science, which have unlocked opportunities for personalised healthcare, disease prevention, and enhanced risk management. Here, we delve into the burgeoning landscape of DNA-associated benefits within South African medical schemes, exploring the opportunities, challenges, and implications for healthcare stakeholders.

Personalised medicine and treatment optimisation

Since the introduction of DNA benefits in 2023, many South African medical schemes have also introduced their own DNA benefits into their schemes. DNA-associated benefits in South African medical schemes pave the way for personalised medicine, where treatment strategies are tailored to individual genetic profiles. Through genetic testing, medical schemes can identify genetic variations that influence drug metabolism, disease susceptibility, and treatment response. This knowledge enables healthcare providers to prescribe medications more effectively, minimising adverse reactions and optimising therapeutic outcomes. For instance, pharmacogenomic testing can inform the selection and dosing of medications for conditions like depression, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs in the long run.

Enhanced disease risk assessment and prevention

Genetic testing empowers individuals to assess their genetic predispositions to certain diseases and take proactive measures to mitigate risks. In South African medical schemes, members can access DNA-associated benefits to undergo genetic risk assessments for conditions such as hereditary cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Armed with this knowledge, individuals can adopt targeted preventive strategies, including lifestyle modifications, regular screenings, and early interventions, to reduce their disease burden and improve overall health outcomes. Moreover, medical schemes may incentivise members to participate in genetic counselling programs, equipping them with the necessary information and support to make informed decisions about their health.

Familial health management and genetic counselling

The integration of DNA-associated benefits in South African medical schemes extends beyond individual health to encompass familial health management and genetic counselling services. Genetic testing can unveil hereditary predispositions to certain diseases, enabling families to identify at-risk individuals and implement tailored prevention strategies. Medical schemes may offer genetic counselling services to members and their families, facilitating informed discussions about genetic testing, inheritance patterns, and risk management options. This holistic approach to healthcare empowers families to navigate complex genetic information, make proactive health decisions, and optimise their collective wellbeing.

Precision diagnostics and targeted therapies

DNA-associated benefits in South African medical schemes support the adoption of precision diagnostics and targeted therapies, revolutionising disease management paradigms. Genetic testing facilitates the identification of molecular signatures associated with specific diseases, enabling healthcare providers to diagnose conditions accurately and tailor treatment regimens accordingly. For instance, in oncology, molecular profiling of tumours can guide the selection of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, improving treatment efficacy and patient survival rates. By integrating DNA-associated benefits into diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, medical schemes enhance the quality of care, reduce treatment-related complications, and foster better health outcomes for their members.

Research and innovation collaboration

South African medical schemes play a pivotal role in fostering research and innovation collaboration in the field of genetics and genomics. By partnering with academic institutions, research organisations, and biotechnology companies, medical schemes can support groundbreaking research initiatives aimed at elucidating the genetic underpinnings of diseases, developing novel diagnostic tools, and advancing precision medicine interventions. Through strategic investments in research infrastructure and data sharing initiatives, medical schemes contribute to the generation of real-world evidence, driving evidence-based decision-making and continuous improvement in healthcare delivery.

Ethical and regulatory considerations

While the integration of DNA-associated benefits presents transformative opportunities for healthcare, it also raises ethical and regulatory considerations that warrant careful attention. South African medical schemes must uphold principles of patient autonomy, confidentiality, and non-discrimination in the collection, storage, and use of genetic data. Compliance with existing data protection regulations, such as the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA), is essential to safeguard patient privacy and ensure the responsible handling of genetic information. Moreover, medical schemes must navigate complex ethical dilemmas related to genetic testing, including informed consent, genetic counselling, and the equitable distribution of benefits across diverse population groups.

DNA-associated benefits are reshaping the landscape of healthcare within South African medical schemes, unlocking unprecedented opportunities for personalised medicine, disease prevention, and precision healthcare delivery. By embracing genetic science and innovation, medical schemes can empower individuals to make informed health decisions, optimise treatment outcomes, and enhance overall wellbeing. However, navigating ethical, regulatory, and implementation challenges remains imperative to ensure the responsible and equitable integration of DNA-associated benefits into healthcare systems.

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World Tuberculosis Day is observed annually on March 24th, it's crucial to shed light on this persistent global health issue, particularly its impact on South Africa, one of the countries grappling with high TB rates. Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, remains a significant health concern worldwide, causing thousands of deaths annually. In South Africa, it's not just a disease but an epidemic, ranking among the leading causes of mortality.

What is tuberculosis?

TB is an infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs but capable of spreading to other parts of the body as well. Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB is a curable disease if promptly and adequately treated. However, if left untreated, it can be fatal.

One of the most concerning aspects of TB is the rise of drug-resistant strains. Drug-resistant TB occurs when the bacteria become resistant to one or more anti-TB drugs, posing a significant challenge to treatment efforts. This resistance often emerges in patients who fail to complete their prescribed treatment regimen. Variants such as Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB), Extreme Drug Resistant TB (XDR-TB), and Totally Drug Resistant TB present even greater hurdles in combating the disease.

TB spreads through the air, particularly in overcrowded and poorly ventilated spaces. When an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or spits, they release TB bacteria into the air, where others can inhale them. This transmission can lead to either latent TB infection, where the bacteria remain dormant, or active TB disease, which manifests with various symptoms.

While anyone can contract TB, certain groups are at higher risk, including individuals with malnutrition, HIV infection, or those working in environments with prolonged exposure to TB bacteria, such as mines. TB and HIV co-infection poses a particularly grave threat, as each exacerbates the progression of the other.

Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Symptoms of TB vary depending on whether it affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) or other organs (extra-pulmonary TB). Common signs of pulmonary TB include a persistent cough, chest pain, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, and shortness of breath. Extra-pulmonary TB may present with symptoms specific to the affected organ, such as spine deformities or neurological deficits.

Diagnosing TB typically involves collecting sputum samples for laboratory analysis and conducting chest X-rays. Additional tests, such as Tuberculin skin tests or biopsies, may be necessary for extra-pulmonary TB cases. Early diagnosis is crucial for initiating timely treatment.

Treatment for TB involves a rigorous regimen of antibiotics taken over several months. The World Health Organisation's DOTS program (Directly Observed Treatment) plays a pivotal role in monitoring and ensuring treatment adherence. This program relies on health workers or trusted individuals to oversee medication intake, enhancing treatment effectiveness.

Preventing the spread of TB involves not only treating infected individuals but also implementing measures to reduce transmission. Basic precautions such as covering one's mouth when coughing or sneezing and improving ventilation in crowded spaces can mitigate the risk of TB transmission. Additionally, early detection of TB symptoms and seeking medical attention promptly are vital in preventing the disease's spread.

Furthermore, routine immunisation against TB, particularly for newborns, is crucial in preventing the disease's onset. Vaccination administered shortly after birth can provide infants with protection against TB, contributing to overall disease prevention efforts.

As World Tuberculosis Day has been observed, it's essential to raise awareness about the challenges posed by TB and the importance of concerted efforts in its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. By understanding TB's symptoms, transmission dynamics, and preventive measures, we can work towards reducing its burden on society and saving lives.

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Every year, on the second Thursday of March, World Kidney Day is observed globally to raise awareness about the importance of kidney health and the growing burden of kidney diseases worldwide. This significant day serves as a reminder of the vital role our kidneys play in maintaining overall health and wellbeing.

Kidney disease, also known as renal disease, encompasses a range of conditions that affect the proper functioning of the kidneys, vital organs responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, regulating electrolyte balance, and producing hormones that control blood pressure and red blood cell production. From its silent progression to its potentially life-threatening complications, kidney disease poses a significant health challenge worldwide.

Types of kidney disease

1. Chronic kidney disease (CKD): CKD is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function over time. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. CKD is often asymptomatic in its early stages, making it difficult to detect until significant kidney damage has occurred.
2. Acute kidney injury (AKI): AKI is a sudden loss of kidney function, typically occurring over hours to days. It can be caused by various factors such as severe infections, dehydration, medications, or trauma. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent irreversible kidney damage.
3. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD): PKD is a genetic disorder characterised by the growth of cysts in the kidneys, leading to kidney enlargement and eventual loss of function. It is the most common inherited kidney disease, affecting millions of people worldwide.
4. Glomerulonephritis: This refers to inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste products from the blood. Glomerulonephritis can be acute or chronic and may result from infections, autoimmune diseases, or genetic factors.
5. Kidney stones: Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause severe pain and urinary complications. They may result from dehydration, certain medical conditions, or dietary factors.

Risk factors

Several factors increase the risk of developing kidney disease, including:

• Diabetes: Uncontrolled diabetes is a leading cause of CKD.
• Hypertension: High blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys over time.
• Family History: Genetic factors can predispose individuals to certain kidney diseases such as PKD.
• Age: The risk of kidney disease increases with age.
• Obesity: Excess weight can increase the risk of developing diabetes and hypertension, both of which are major risk factors for kidney disease.
• Smoking: Smoking can damage blood vessels and worsen kidney function.
• Certain Medications: Some medications, especially when taken in high doses or over long periods, can harm the kidneys.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Kidney disease often progresses silently, with symptoms becoming noticeable only in advanced stages. Common symptoms include fatigue, swelling (edema), changes in urination patterns, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty concentrating. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to assess kidney function (e.g., serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen), urine tests (e.g., urinalysis), imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound, CT scan), and kidney biopsy in certain cases.

Treatment and management

Treatment for kidney disease depends on the underlying cause, severity of the condition, and individual factors. In the early stages, lifestyle modifications such as adopting a healthy diet low in salt and saturated fats, maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption can help slow the progression of kidney disease and manage associated conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.

In advanced stages of kidney disease, treatment options may include medications to control blood pressure, manage symptoms, and treat complications such as anaemia and bone disease. Dialysis, a procedure that artificially removes waste products and excess fluids from the blood, or kidney transplantation may be necessary in cases of kidney failure.

Prevention and awareness

Preventive measures play a crucial role in reducing the risk of kidney disease. This includes managing underlying conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, staying hydrated, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, and monitoring kidney function through regular screenings, especially for individuals with risk factors.

Raising awareness about kidney disease, its risk factors, and the importance of early detection and intervention is essential in preventing its progression and reducing its burden on individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. Education campaigns, community outreach programs, and initiatives such as World Kidney Day serve to promote kidney health and encourage proactive measures to protect kidney function and overall wellbeing.

Kidney disease is a complex and multifaceted condition that requires comprehensive management approaches encompassing prevention, early detection, and tailored treatment strategies. By prioritising kidney health and implementing preventive measures at individual and societal levels, we can work towards reducing the prevalence and impact of kidney disease, improving health outcomes, and enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals.

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South Africa is grappling with a significant obesity issue that extends beyond its impact on the healthcare system, costing billions of rands annually. This growing concern not only burdens the government's health expenditure, accounting for nearly 16%, but also poses challenges for employers dealing with decreased productivity and increased absenteeism. The repercussions are not confined to financial implications; it adversely affects the overall well-being and life expectancy of ordinary South Africans.

According to a study conducted by the University of the Witwatersrand's School of Public Health, obesity is responsible for an annual cost of R33 billion to the health system, contributing to early mortality and correlating with various comorbid conditions such as Type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer, osteoarthritis, depression, and anxiety.

Maintaining a healthy weight extends beyond experiencing increased energy and fitting into smaller clothing sizes. It contributes to various aspects of quality of life, including:

• Better sleep patterns
• Reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes
• Reduced risk of developing heart disease
• Reduced risk in developing certain cancers
• Reduced risk of stroke
• Reduced risk of liver related disease, including fatty liver and gallbladder disease
• Better heart and circulatory system function
• Better blood pressure regulation
• An increase in energy and participation in daily activities
• Fewer joint and muscle pain
• Reduced back pain

Practical actions to combat obesity

• Select healthier diet options focusing on fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. Which are low-calorie foods but have higher amounts of nutrients, helping the body combat disease. Fibre contained in these high nutrient foods help aid gut function, and help you feel full for longer, preventing further weight gain.
• Avoid processed foods, for example boxed and packaged snack foods, which are empty calories, and add up quickly, as you tend to eat a lot of these foods to feel full.
• Reduce your sugar consumption, as it is key to keep your intake of added sugars low. Most often excess sugar consumption throughout the day is easily ignored or not noticed, as we add sugar to beverages including teas and coffees or reach for the sweet sugar drink during our lunch break, with a sugar snack for example a pie or biscuit.
• Get moving, a key to maintaining a healthy body weight relies on moving the body, this can be as simple as walking before or after work, or during your lunch break, perhaps consider using the stairs. It’s good to keep in mind daily movement doesn’t need to be done all at once, as moderate activity is recommended. Don’t think you need to become an elite athlete overnight and complete strenuous workouts daily.

How is body fat measured?

Body Mass Index (BMI) is the indicator of the amount of body fat in the body for most people. The BMI measure is used as a screening tool to identify a healthy weight, it is calculated as a numerical value of your weight in relation to your height. A BMI between 18.5 and 25kg/m² indicates a normal weight. A BMI less than 18.5kg/m² is underweight. A BMI between 25 kg/m² and 29.9 kg/m² is considered overweight. While a BMI over 30 kg/m² is considered obese.

A BMI value is important as it indicates excess weight you are carrying around. Knowing how much extra you are carrying around is important, as excess weight increases the amount of work your heart is doing. Basically, your heart is working harder when you have more weight on your body. It also raises blood pressure and blood cholesterol, increasing triglyceride (bad) cholesterol levels while lowering HDL (good) cholesterol levels. This means that there is a risk that diabetes is more likely to develop, including heart disease and stroke. Lifestyle changes will reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes and improve your blood cholesterol.

A flaw of BMI measurement is that it does not consider differences in body composition, for example muscle mass, as is often the case with elite athletes. Resulting in a misclassification of individuals as obese or overweight, when in fact they are very healthy, being able to compete at professional levels in their sport.

Despite this limitation, BMI is an exceptionally useful tool to assess obesity, as it is often the initial first step in identifying individuals who are at risk of developing obesity-related health problems. It is also important to get professional and clinical advice, and judgement to assess your individual risk, to guide proper treatment decisions. Obesity is a complex condition that requires a holistic approach including lifestyle orientated changes to reduce the risks and, impact of obesity related health problems and burdens, not only on individuals, but also on South African society.

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